近年来,经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)已在神经康复的多个领域得到应用。一些学者已将它用于失语症治疗的研究[1]。tDCS的阳极可以增加皮质兴奋性,使在功能恢复中起作用的神经组织得到易化,从而提高功能水平;阴极可以降低皮质兴奋性[2],对过度兴奋的皮质细胞起到抑制性作用。这些改变类似于重复性经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, rT-MS)引起的效应,并持续到刺激结束后。
目前,已有研究证明对卒中后慢性非流利型失语症患者采用抑制性经颅磁刺激,刺激Broca右侧对应区,可以提高患者的图命名能力[3—4];对慢性恢复期失语症患者进行5d左额叶阳极tDCS治疗,也可提高患者的图命名成绩[5]。这些研究对象均为慢性恢复期(>12个月)患者,而对恢复早期失语症患者语言障碍的干预,不但可以更大程度地促进患者语言功能的提高,而且可以增强患者坚持语言治疗的信心。那么,对卒中后恢复期(2—12个月)失语症患者采用tDCS抑制Broca右额对应区的皮质兴奋性,以及兴奋左额Broca区,是否可以改善这类患者的图命名能力;如果有效,左Broca区兴奋性刺激与Broca右侧对应区抑制性刺激,何种刺激方法对失语症患者图命名的促进作用更显著,这是本文所要探讨的问题。
由于tDCS的电流刺激量小,患者无明显感觉,因此可以在电刺激的同时进行语言任务的操作。本研究对29例脑卒中后恢复期(2—12个月)左额颞顶、左额顶、左额颞、左基底核区损伤失语症患者采用语言评价时的在线(on-line)tDCS,确定左侧Broca区阳极刺激、Broca右侧对应区阴极刺激,对患者图命名的影响。
资料与方法临床资料入选标准:经CT或MRI确诊为左额、左额颞、左额顶、左额颞顶,或基底核区脑梗死或脑出血,首次发病,左侧单发病灶;病程2—12个月,右利手;经汉语失语症心理语言评价诊断为失语症;图命名测验成绩>1分;既往无神经精神系统疾病。排除标准:严重言语失用症,听理解严重障碍不能执行简单指令,痴呆,明显的注意力、记忆力障碍者。患者临床资料见表1。
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